Stay Sun-Safe: Essential UV Protection Tips for UV Safety Month
As Florida residents, we are accustomed to sun exposure throughout all seasons. However, the bliss of sunshine comes with long-term risks such as skin cancer and premature aging, including wrinkles and age spots. As we approach July, which marks UV Safety Month, it’s a perfect time to discuss how to safely enjoy your favorite summer activities. With so much information available, it can get overwhelming. Here are a few tips on how to protect your skin and why it is important.
What are Ultraviolet (UV) Rays?
UV rays are a form of non-ionizing radiation emitted by the sun and artificial sources like tanning beds. There are three different types: UVA, UVB, and UVC.
What are the Benefits of UV Rays?
Sunlight is crucial for the production of Vitamin D. However, too much sun exposure also increases your risk of sunburns and skin cancer. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends that healthy adults obtain adequate amounts of Vitamin D from their diet. This way, you get your nutrients while reducing your risk for skin cancer.
What are the Harmful Effects of UV Rays?
UVA rays can damage our skin cells' DNA and are linked to skin aging signs like wrinkles and age spots. These rays can also pass through window glass. UVB rays also damage the DNA in skin cells and are the primary cause of sunburns. UVB rays are the most detrimental for developing skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. UVC rays, fortunately, stay high in our atmosphere and do not reach the ground.
What Time of Day Has the Highest UV Index?
The UV index is highest between 10 AM and 2 PM when we’re exposed to the most harmful UV rays. The sun is at its highest point in the sky during these hours making its rays more direct and intense.
How Can We Protect Ourselves from UV Rays?
Seek shade when you can.
Sunscreen: Wear broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher daily, and reapply every 2-3 hours. Many people wear sunscreen only during outdoor activities like mowing the lawn or going to the beach. However, even sitting close to your window at home or while driving exposes you to UV radiation. The AAD recommends using one ounce of product for the best coverage.
Protective Clothing: Wear clothing that covers your arms and legs and a hat to protect your head, face, and neck.
What Sunscreens Are the Best?
The best sunscreen is the one you like and will use consistently. Each sunscreen is formulated differently, so textures will vary. Ensure it is broad-spectrum (blocks UVA and UVB) and its SPF 30 or higher which ensures blockage of around 97% of UV rays.
Sunscreens fall into two categories based on their active ingredients:
Physical or Mineral Sunscreens: Contain titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide, making them the best option for people with sensitive skin.
Chemical Sunscreens: All other sunscreens fall into this category.
All sunscreens work differently to achieve the same goal: to block UV rays from damaging the skin cells.
By following these tips and staying informed, you can enjoy the sunny days safely and keep your skin healthy and protected!
References:
- Bolognia, J. L., Schaffer, J. V., & Cerroni, L. (2018). Dermatology (4th ed.). Chapter 86: UV Radiation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13439
- (2021, May 3). 15 Strategies That Help Prevent Skin Cancer, According to Dermatologists. Prevention. https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a36202661/how-to-prevent-skin-cancer/
- American Academy of Dermatology (2024, April 15). SUNSCREEN FAQS. AAD. https://www.aad.org/media/stats-sunscreen
- World Health Organization (2002, June 13). Global solar UV index: A practical guide. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241590076
Written by: Paola M. Torres-Laboy, MD, Dermatology Resident, PGY-4; HCA Orange Park Medical Center